Naming Music: Music and Sound Across Cultures
What do you lose and what do you gain when you name something in a way that is legible across borders? This essay explores naming within the context of music and sound, arguing that to name sounds is to notate and make legible music. This essay’s author is a scholar as well as a koto (Japanese horizontal harp) musician, and the text examines the ways in which non-Western music, specifically Japanese koto traditions, are influenced by the Western notions of notation and cultural prestige, and ultimately standardization. Improvisation is positioned as a counter to this standardization as a performance practice that navigates the ‘unbridgeable chasm’ between history, the present and future, as well as named and unnamed sounds, and Japanese and Western music. Utilizing Christopher Small’s concept of ‘musicking’ to understand music as an active verb rather than a static noun, the essay advocates for the conceptual expansion of music to incorporate non-human soundscapes and animal acoustic cultures. In examining the disappearing regional dialect used in the folk music of Gujō, in central Japan, the author analyzes how naming is both standardizing and indispensable for preserving and reinvigorating local musics. Ultimately, by weaving together personal narrative, transcultural performance studies and critical theory, this essay calls for strategic incorporation of both legibility and illegibility, named and unnamed music, proposing that a composition can function not as a definitive statement, but as an ongoing question.